Cap will always have the upper hand on an inexperienced Peter. That said Raimi's Spider-Man would body everyone and tank hits with ease.
He has to beat Rhino with his wits as well as his strength and he got wrecked by the Juggernaut and some Hulks are even stronger than that. Peter is just below all of them in terms of strength but he can beat them if he relies on his other skills, environment, and luck.
Christopher Cook
didn't he keep a boat together for a while, lift tons of debris off himself, bench press whatever Cap dropped on him in Civil War, kick Thanos around while dancing between portals? I'm not seeing Cap doing stuff like that.
They also always forget spidey sense which basically lets him auto succeed on any reflex save.
Combined with his physical attributes that is pretty broken in normal combat.
Mason Morris
Helping ya bump
Jace Butler
I liked when the other gave him a power boost, they've been pretty coy about his upper limit since then. I mean being able to bench 10 tons and have speed like he does is enough sure but what other crazy shit can he get?