Coming from playing Dark Souls and Nioh, I still don't get Sekiro

Coming from playing Dark Souls and Nioh, I still don't get Sekiro.

When are you supposed to dodge/jump/parry?

Is the only way memorizing enemy combos, or am I missing something?

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You need to go back to basics.
There is a NPC at the temple that doesn't die and will instruct you on the game systems.

When attacking keep hitting them until their block is accompanied by a bright spark, they will attack right after that block so be prepared to block/dodge/parry.

Every few secconds back off to let your posture recover. Remember to HOLD the block button to recover posture MUCH faster than not doing anything.

Those 2 tips alone will carry you through most of it.

>Remember to HOLD the block button to recover posture MUCH faster than not doing anything.
This isn't intuitive at all

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the main thing to keep in mind is that dodge has very little iframes in this game, so you cant rely on it as an "i win" button like in souls. use dodge to LITERALLY get out of the way, NOT to "warp" through an enemy attack.

the game's fairly visual; you can jump over most attacks that are "low" (and you jump pretty high).

most importantly though, you can deflect virtually EVERY attack in the game that doesn't have the big "red" symbol. so deflect, deflect, deflect, and like said back off to regain posture if needed. though bear in mind that at least in regular NG, its pretty easy to simply roll away after being posture broken on like 99% of enemies (there's really only a few bosses that will actually punish you for it). obviously you want to get the timing down for parries, but spamming L1 works surprisingly well as you are getting the hang of it--better than eating hits to the face.

If the red symbol pops up above your head you have three options
If the enemy looks like they’re holding their weapon to the side horizontally, it’s probably going to be a sweep, so you should jump and then jump again on their head
If they look like they’re holding their weapon pointing straight or winding up a stab, press the dodge button as they are attacking and it will mikiri counter (once you unlock it, it’s one of the opening skills)
If they are making a loud noise and doing some dumb looking pose or holding their hands out in front of them, it’s a grab, which you should for now just straight back run away from
All of these are pretty readable even without seeing them before minus one or two of them that only come much later in the game
As for when it’s not a red symbol/perilous attack, just always be running up and attacking yourself until you see a bright flash and hear a more distinctive CLANG! as that means the enemy is no longer blocking but deflecting
Once that happens, start spamming the parry button. If you’re not a mouthbreating moron, you can even try reading the swings to time your parries, but outside of two minibosses and one major boss, you don’t even need to do that, just finger your parry button repeatedly.
This combined with some pretty simple stealth mechanics and firecrackers should unironically carry you through the entirety of the non-optional parts of the game. It’s ridiculously simple.

Deflect.
If there's a red symbol above your head then look at the animation the opponent is doing and react accordingly: jump kick sweeps, mikiri (or deflect) thrusts, dodge grabs (in the case of ogre, you jump the lunging grab).

One more thing, enemys recover posture much faster when at full health than at 50% health so for bosses and mini-bosses start by focusing on dodging and countering with strong attacks (hold r1) first and then when they are about half health focus on their posture by parrying, mikiri counters and mario stomps.

Look for the training dummy in dilapidated temple to get down what the timings for parry should be.

You can barely walk while blocking, so it slows you down. Sprinting causes your gauge to never go down.